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Sammanfattning

Localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis are severe diseases, which untreated may result in tooth loos in young subjects. Necrotizing periodontal diseases including necrotizing gingivitis, periodontitis and stomatitis, are acute clinical conditions that usually affect subjects with immune suppression, and are characterized by severe pain, significant tissue destruction, and risk of systemic complications. These severe periodontal diseases share common features, as they are believed to arise as a consequence of distortion of the balance, normally existing between the resident oral microbiota and the immune defence systems of the host. The pathogenesis of severe periodontal diseases is believed to be multifactorial. However, oral bacteria are assumed to be critically involved in initiation, aggravation and maintenance of disease, and therefore treatment of severe periodontal diseases primarily focuses on infection control, in order to restore balance between the host and the resident oral microbiota. The development of advanced molecular methods has considerably increased knowledge of the oral microbiota, and enabled detailed analysis of local compositional changes of bacterial communities in aggressive periodontitis and necrotizing periodontal diseases. The purpose of this review is to address microbial aspects of aggressive periodontitis and necrotizing periodontal diseases, with special emphasis as to how recent data from studies using modern molecular methods, have altered the view on the etiological role of specific bacteria in these diseases.

MeSH