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Introduction: The inclusion of patients in randomised, controlled studies often involves substantial financial and work-related costs and is at the same time crucial to the significance of the result of the study and its generalisability. Purpose: To describe which factors are significant to patients' willingness or unwillingness to take part in a specific, randomised psychosocial intervention study, CAMMA (Cancer mamma), which offered teaching and group therapy for women who have undergone breast cancer surgery. Method: The study was carried out at Breast Cancer Department F at Herlev County Hospital. During the period May to December 2005, all women aged between 18 and 70 who underwent surgery for primary breast cancer at stages I and II, and who met the inclusion criteria of the CAMMA study, were given a questionnaire with 17 possible reasons for agreeing or refusing to participate in CAMMA. Result: 64 women completed the questionnaire; 44 who agreed and 20 who declined to participate in CAMMA. The main reasons for taking part were altruism and a need for the treatment offered. The most frequent reasons for declining were practical circumstances, the time it would take and a dislike of participating in group therapy. There were no differences in attitude to randomisation among those who took part and declined to take part in CAMMA. Conclusion: Participation in the CAMMA study was positively associated with altruism and a need for treatment, while refusal was associated with practical circumstances, the time it would take and a dislike of group therapy. Randomisation was not an issue when it came to agreeing to or declining to participate in CAMMA.

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