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Background: Municipal health service are facing many new challenges, including a growing number of elderly patients, the emergence of complex diseases, time pressure at work and an increased use of technology in the workplace. As a means of coping with these challenges municipalities may require their health professionals possess expertise in these particular areas, and performance appraisal (PA) may uses to assess their employees' skills. The aim of this study is to use different models (PA carried out in group and individual conversations) to examine the effects of professional learning through PA. Methods: Group and individual PAs were conducted in one municipality. Questionnaires were distributed to a representative sample of 60 employees (test-group: 10 groups X3 employees; control-group: 30 employees), most of them were nurses and auxiliary nurses, at three different points in time (pre-test, post-test1 and post-test2). Findings: Respondents involved in the group-PA experienced more professional learning through the PA than those involved in the individual-PA. This finding was correlated with greater levels of employee participation, effort and personal exchanges in the PA, as well as better working conditions. However, employees involved in the individual-PA were more satisfied with the PA per se. Conclusions: Health personnel in municipal health services experience more professional learning through group-PA than individual-PA.

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