Sammanfattning
BACKGROUND Brain research in the last century was mainly directed at neurons, with the role of glia assumed to be limited to repair, supplying nutrients and above all simply filling the space between neurons. In recent years, the importance of glial cells for normal brain function has been recognised. This article summarises knowledge of glial cells relevant to epilepsy.
METHOD The article is based on a literature search in PubMed as well as the authors’ clinical and research experience.
RESULTS Astrocytes are the largest subgroup of glial cells and, in common with neurons, express a diversity of membrane transporters, ion channels and receptors. Among the most important roles of astrocytes are the uptake and redistribution of ions and water, glucose metabolism and communication with nerve cells. Disturbances in all of these functions have been associated with epilepsy.
INTERPRETATION Epilepsy has previously been regarded as almost exclusively a disturbance in the functioning of neurons and especially of their contact points, the synapses. The mechanisms of action of today’s anti-epileptic drugs are therefore primarily directed at neuronal channels and receptors. New knowledge of the role played by glial cells could increase our understanding of how epilepsy arises and lead to new treatment strategies.