Demographic and social correlates of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use among 15-16-year-old
students in Albania: Results of the ESPAD survey
Sammanfattning
AIMS - Our aim was to assess the demographic and social factors associated with lifetime use
of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis among school students aged 15-16 in Albania in order to make
information and knowledge available for health promotion specialists working on substance use
prevention. DESIGN - This cross-sectional study was conducted in March-May 2011 in the framework
of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPD). In total, 3189
students born in 1995 participated in the survey. The standardised ESPAD questionnaire was used
to collect data about substance use. RESULTS - Our multivariable adjustment analysis showed
that being a male and having easy access to cigarettes were the only universal factors significantly
increasing the likelihood of ever using tobacco, alcohol or cannabis. Own smoking was strongly
and significantly associated with alcohol and cannabis use. The associations of own substance use
with peer substance consumption were weak to moderate. CONCLUSIONS - Own smoking seems
to be the most important single independent risk factor which strongly and significantly predicted
alcohol and cannabis use among Albanian school students. Policy makers need to strengthen the
rule of law whereas health promotion professionals should firmly address smoking in adolescence
through target interventions.