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Inflicted injuries in infants and toddlers may easily be missed unless clinicians who care for children are alert to sometimes subtle clues in the history and physical exam. Any injury which is unexplained or incompatible with the developmental capabilities of the child or inconsistent with the given history should prompt a medical evaluation for suspected physical abuse. The most common cause of serious head injuries in infants younger than 12 months is child abuse. Shaking and blunt head trauma can result in injuries such as subdural hemorrhage, diffuse retinal hemorrhage, and brain and spine injury. Early detection of child physical abuse requires a systematic and careful diagnostic approach. The physician must be able to recognize suspicious injuries, as well as possess an understanding of the mimics that may be confused with inflicted injuries. Health care professionals are mandated by Swedish law to promptly report suspected abuse to child protective services.

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