Global oral sundhed. Status og strategier for populationsorienteret sygdomsforebyggelse og
sundhedsfremme
Engelsk titel: Oral health in a global perspective. Status and strategies for continuous promotion of health
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Författare:
Petersen, Poul Erik
Språk: Dan
Antal referenser: 57
Dokumenttyp:
Översikt
UI-nummer: 15093424
Sammanfattning
Disease and illness are factors which impact on people’s life
chances and society achievements. Oral diseases and conditions
are important to general health and quality of life. The purpose
of this report is to provide an overview of the global burden
of oral disease, to highlight the situation in Europe and the
Nordic countries, to underscore the universal inequities in oral
health, and to outline the work for global oral health undertaken
by the World Health Organization (WHO). The report makes use
of information from WHO databases, WHO publications, and
databases of scientific literature. Globally 60-90% of children
and the vast majority of adults are affected by dental caries;it
is worth noting, however, that caries in children has declined
markedly over the past decades in certain high income countries,
while the disease burden is growing rapidly in low- and
middle income countries. Poor periodontal health afflicts nearly
all populations around the globe; across regions 5 to 20 % of
younger adults (35-44 years) have signs of severe periodontal
disease which increases the risk of tooth loss. Around 25% of
the world population aged 65-74 years has lost all their natural
teeth.Edentulism has recently declined in high income countries,
but is on the increase in those low and middle income
countries without systematic oral health programmes. Huge
variations in the burden of dental disease are found between
countries and regions of the world. Dental caries of children and
adults is frequent in Europe but low in Africa. Within Europe, oral
health conditions in Eastern Europe are poor when compared to
Western Europe. The prevalence of oral cancer is high, particularly
in South-East Asia, which relates to the high consumption
of tobacco including smokeless tobacco. Oral lesions related to
HIV infection and noma are prevalent in Africa and South-East
Asia. Social inequities in oral health are universal and imply that
people of low education and poor income carry significantly
higher disease burden than wealthy population groups. Besides,
underprivileged people in developing and developed countries
are not covered effectively by primary oral health care; this is
also the case in Europe - even in the rich Nordic countrieswhere
the underprivileged population groups do not benefit adequately
from optimal oral health care and disease prevention.
Oral diseases are the most important chronic disease. Public
health initiatives against chronic diseases are urgently needed
across the world. Population-directed disease prevention based
on risk factor approaches and health promotion are essential
for countries in order to reduce the growing burden of chronic
diseases, including oral diseases. WHO plays a vital role in the
development of policies for health of all, particularly within the
framework of Health-in-All policies.