Diabetes empowerment and needs for self-management support among people with type 2
diabetes in a rural inland community in northern Sweden
Sammanfattning
Background: Self-management among people with T2D includes being responsible for attaining a
blood sugar level within the normal range, eating healthy food, exercising and following prescriptions
for medication, something that may need support. In rural areas, access to health care may be
limited, and support from family members becomes important.
Aim: The aim of this study was to describe perceptions and associations of diabetes empowerment,
self-management ability and needs of self-management support among people with T2D in a northern
rural community of Sweden.
Method: People with T2D (n = 159) living a rural municipality in northern Sweden answered the
SWE-DES-23 questionnaire and additional questions concerning self-management and needs for
self-management support.
Results: A higher diabetes empowerment was associated with longer diabetes duration and support
from healthcare professionals and relatives. Women rated a need for self-management support
significantly higher than men did. Nonretired persons rated a significantly higher need for self-
management support and a lower perception of support from healthcare professionals compared to
retired persons. Cohabitant persons had a significantly higher perception of support from relatives
and also estimated a higher need for relatives’ involvement in clinical visits compared to persons
living alone. Both the newly diagnosed and also those people with a diabetes duration of 10-15 years
rated a higher need for group support. Higher self-awareness and readiness to change were apparent
among people with short and long diabetes duration. Furthermore, self-management ability, support
from healthcare professionals and from relatives and lastly diabetes duration was associated with
diabetes empowerment.
Conclusion: Not only people newly diagnosed with T2D should be offered patient-centred group
support, strengthening patient empowerment. For future, family-focused care and education and
training in person-centred care among diabetes specialist nurses is recommended.