Effect of a high intake of cheese on cholesterol and metabolic syndrome: results of a randomized
trial
Sammanfattning
Background: Cheese is generally rich in saturated fat, which is associated with increased risk for
cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, recent reports suggest that cheese may be antiatherogenic.
Objective: The goal of this study was to assess whether intake of two types of Norwegian cheese,
with widely varying fat and calcium content, might influence factors of the metabolic syndrome and
serum cholesterol levels differently.
Design: A total of 153 participants were randomized to one of three groups: Gamalost®, a traditional
fat- and salt-free Norwegian cheese (50 g/day), Gouda-type cheese with 27% fat (80 g/day), and a
control group with a limited cheese intake. Blood samples, anthropometric measurements, blood
pressure, and questionnaires about lifestyle and diet were obtained at inclusion and end.
Results: At baseline, there were no differences between the groups in relevant baseline
characteristics, mean age 43, 52.3% female. After 8 weeks’ intervention, there were no changes in
any of the metabolic syndrome factors between the intervention groups compared with the control
group. There were no increases in total- or LDL cholesterol in the cheese groups compared with the
control. Stratified analysis showed that those in the Gouda group with metabolic syndrome at
baseline had significant reductions in total cholesterol at the end of the trial compared with control (-
0.70 mmol/L, p=0.013), and a significantly higher reduction in mean triglycerides. In the Gamalost
group, those who had high total cholesterol at baseline had a significant reduction in total cholesterol
compared with control (-0.40 mmol/L, p=0.035).
Conclusions: In conclusion, cholesterol levels did not increase after high intake of 27% fat Gouda-
type cheese over 8 weeks’ intervention, and stratified analysis showed that participants with
metabolic syndrome had reduced cholesterol at the end of the trial.