A suggested approach for imputation of missing dietary data for young children in daycare
Sammanfattning
Background: Parent-reported 24-h diet recalls are an accepted method of estimating intake in
young children. However, many children eat while at childcare making accurate proxy reports by
parents difficult.
Objective: The goal of this study was to demonstrate a method to impute missing weekday lunch and
daytime snack nutrient data for daycare children and to explore the concurrent predictive and
criterion validity of the method.
Design: Data were from children aged 2-5 years in the My Parenting SOS project (n=308; 870 24-h
diet recalls). Mixed models were used to simultaneously predict breakfast, dinner, and evening
snacks (B+D+ES); lunch; and daytime snacks for all children after adjusting for age, sex, and body
mass index (BMI). From these models, we imputed the missing weekday daycare lunches by
interpolation using the mean lunch to B+D+ES [L/(B+D+ES)] ratio among non-daycare children on
weekdays and the L/(B+D+ES) ratio for all children on weekends. Daytime snack data were used to
impute snacks.
Results: The reported mean (± standard deviation) weekday intake was lower for daycare children
[725 (±324) kcal] compared to non-daycare children [1,048 (±463) kcal]. Weekend intake for all
children was 1,173 (±427) kcal. After imputation, weekday caloric intake for daycare children was
1,230 (±409) kcal. Daily intakes that included imputed data were associated with age and sex but not
with BMI.
Conclusion: This work indicates that imputation is a promising method for improving the precision of
daily nutrient data from young children.