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Sammanfattning

Microorganisms causing infectious diseases are dynamic and may develop into more virulent, infectious or resistant species. Presently, development and dissemination of multi resistant bacteria increase in the Nordic countries. Among these MRSA (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is of most concern to dentistry as it colonizes both the skin (hands) and the oral cavity, and thus may easily spread during dental treatment. Among viruses influenza viruses change constantly and upon major changes epidemics and more rarely pandemics may arise. Also coronaviruses change, and in recent years SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses have developed and caused infections and death in several countries. In order to avoid development and dissemination of resistant and multi resistant bacteria dentists must carefully consider each prescription, choice and administration of antibiotic. Furthermore, dentists must follow national guidelines for infection control in dentistry in order to prevent transmission of both bacterial and viral diseases to patients and staff at the dental clinic. Most infections are prevented by applying general hygiene procedures including hand hygiene, wearing of personal protective equipment and correct cleaning, disinfection and sterilization processes, while a few of the described microorganisms like MRSA may require additional precautions.

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