Women’s dietary diversity scores and childhood anthropometric measurements as indices of
nutrition insecurity along the urban-rural continuum in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Sammanfattning
Background: Malnutrition is still prevalent worldwide, and its severity, which differs between
regions and countries, has led to international organisations proposing its inclusion in the global
development framework that will succeed the Millennium Development Goals (post-2015 framework).
In Sub-Saharan Africa, malnutrition is particularly severe, among women and children under 5 years.
The prevalence of malnutrition has been reported worldwide, differing from region to region and
country to country. Nevertheless, little is known about how malnutrition differs between multiple
locations along an urban-rural continuum.
Objective: A survey was carried out in and around Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, between August and
September 2014 to map household nutrition insecurity along the urban-rural continuum, using a
transect approach to guide the data collection.
Design: Transects of 70 km long and 2 km wide directed radially from the city centre outwards were
laid, and data were collected from randomly selected households along these transects. Women’s
dietary diversity scores (WDDSs) were calculated from a sample of 179 women of reproductive age
(15-49 years) from randomly selected households. Additionally, anthropometric data (height/length
and weight) of 133 children under 5 years of age were collected along the same transects for the
computation of anthropometric indices.
Results: We found that relative proportions of the nutrition indices such as stunting, wasting and
underweight varied across the urban-rural continuum. Rural households (15%) had the highest
relative proportion of WDDS compared with urban households (11%) and periurban households (8%).
There was a significant association between children under 5 years’ nutritional status (wasting,
stunting and underweight) and spatial location (p=0.023). The level of agricultural activities is a
possible indicator of wasting in children aged 6-59 months (p=0.032).
Conclusion: Childhood undernutrition certainly has a spatial dimension that is highly influenced by
the degree of urbanity, which should be taken into consideration in policy formulation and
implementation.