The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for preschool children - a Swedish validation
Sammanfattning
Background: In Sweden, 80-90% of children aged 1-5 years attend preschool, and that
environment is well suited to identify behaviours that may be signs of mental health problems. The
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a well-known short and structured instrument
measuring child behaviours that indicate mental health problems well suited for preschool use.
Aim: To investigate whether SDQ is a reliable and valid instrument for identifying behavioural
problems in children aged 1-3 years and 4-5 years in a Swedish population, as rated by preschool
teachers.
Methods: Preschools situated in different sized municipalities in Sweden participated. The preschool
teacher rated each individual child. Concurrent validity was tested using the Child-Teacher Report
Form (C-TRF) and Child Engagement Questionnaire (CEQ). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted
for age groups, 1- years and 4-5 years.
Results: The preschool teachers considered most of the SDQ items relevant and possible to rate. For
the children aged 1-3 years, the subscales ‘Hyperactivity’ (Cronbach alpha = 0.84, split half = 0.73)
and ‘Conduct’ (Cronbach alpha = 0.76, split half = 0.80) were considered to be valid. For the age
group 4-5 years, the whole original SDQ scale, 4-factor solution was used and showed reasonable
validity (Cronbach alpha = 0.83, split half = 0.87).
Conclusion: SDQ can be used in a preschool setting by preschool teachers as a valid instrument for
identifying externalizing behavioural problems (hyperactivity and conduct problems) in young
children.
Clinical implications: SDQ could be used to identify preschool children at high-risk for mental health
problems later in life.