Sammanfattning
Fetal surgery is a subspeciality that is evolving rapidly with focus on improving the natural history of congenital malformations and conditions that are either life threatening or cause severe disability. Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele has been shown to improve neurologic outcome, motor function and to reduce the need of ventriculo-peritoneal shunting after birth compared to postnatal care. However, it conveys an increased risk of preterm birth and maternal morbidity. The role of prenatal intervention with endoscopic tracheal occlusion in congenital diaphragmatic hernia is currently the focus of an ongoing multicenter randomized controlled trial. The trial is comparing the effect of fetal surgery as an alternative to standard postnatal management. The main, but not sole, indication for an Ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is airway obstruction due to laryngeal atresia and tumors in the head and neck region. It is a complex procedure that should be performed only in experienced centers with a multidisciplinary team.