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Keeping people with drug dependence in treatment is a great challenge in the delivery of effective treatment, especially in abstinence oriented treatment settings. The article presents preliminary data on a quasi-experimental study. New admissions to a community unit who applied for in-patient treatment were required to participate in drawing up a comprehensive plan for rehabilitation, including job training, aftercare treatment and housing, before being placed on a waiting list for in-patient treatment. Most persons admitted to in-patient treatment in the unit were opiate dependent. After the implementation of the new policy, retention in in-patient treatment increased significantly, while the percentage of those who did not relapse during the in-patient phase dropped and the percentage of those working, studying or participating in a reemployment program rose. While the changes in discharge outcome can be attributed both to unmeasured changes in the population served after vs. before the implementation of the new policy, and to the policy itself, they suggest the desirability of further research into the question of adequate rehabilitation planning in residential treatment for drug dependence.

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