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This review highlights the possible interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and oral health. The affection of oral health is strongly associated with the duration of the diabetic disease. The most frequently occurring complications are xerostomia, periodontal attachment loss, reduced wound healing, and glossodynia. No association has been found between diabetes and dental caries. Intervention studies have been performed in order to evaluate if periodontal treatment affects the metabolic control of diabetes. Results show that when mechanical periodontal treatment alone is provided, regardless of the severity of periodontal disease or degree of diabetes control, the treatment outcome is strict improvement in periodontal status, i.e. a local effect. However, when systemic or locally applied antibiotics are included with mechanical therapy, an improvement in diabetes control, measured as a reduction in glycated hemoglobin, is achieved. In conclusion, there is a need for well conducted trials to clarify the future role of dentists in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus.

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