Sammanfattning
Various grafting materials in granular form can be utilized to occupy the compartment created between the elevated sinus membrane and the original floor of the maxillary sinus during sinus floor augmentation procedures. The grafting materials can be classified according to their origin into 1) autogenous
bone from the same individual, 2) allogenic bone substitute materials from another individual within the same species, 3) xenogenic bone substitute materials derived from another species, and 4) alloplastic bone substitute materials which are synthetically produced. In general, all approved grafting materials on the market can be considered biocompatible and safe. Clinical and animal experimental studies have documented particulated autogenous bone to accelerate bone healing as compared to bone substitute materials. However, autogenous bone is resorbed and in cases, in which larger volumes are needed for augmentation, significant morbidity may be anticipated. Resorption of allogenic bone substitute materials depends on the donor region and the way it is processed. Xenogenic bone substitute materials are in general considered non-resorbable, whereas the resorption of alloplastic materials may be designed
according to clinical needs. Depending on the processing method, allogenic and xenogenic bone substitute materials may preserve the osteoconductive properties of the original bone. On the other hand, it is still a challenge to mimic these osteoconductive surface properties in alloplastic bone
substitute materials. So far, no evidence exists to document that the combination of grafting materials with growth factors and bone matrix proteins including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) will increase implant survival rate or the rate of bone formation after sinus floor augmentation procedures.