Sammanfattning
Placement of oral implants in the posterior part of the maxilla is frequently compromised or impossible due to atrophy of the alveolar process and pneumatisation of the maxillary sinus after loss of teeth. Therefore, alveolar ridge augmentation is frequently necessary before or in conjunction with implant
placement. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation applying the lateral window technique with an autogenous bone graft and/ or a bone substitute is the most frequently used method to enhance the alveolar bone height of the maxillary premolar and molar region. The Schneiderian membrane is elevated from the maxillary sinus floor to create a compartment for new bone formation and the created space is often filled with a grafting material. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have revealed high survival rate of the suprastructure and implant, limited peri-implant marginal bone loss, bone regeneration, few complications and high patient satisfaction. When autogenous bone is used, bone formation is accelerated compared to the use of a bone substitute material alone. However, no significant differences between the various grafting materials or combinations are observed after an extended healing period.
In the present review, the current knowledge on implant placement in the posterior part of the maxilla in conjunction with maxillary sinus floor augmentation applying the lateral window technique is presented. Further long-term randomised controlled trials are needed before evidence-based
treatment guidelines can be provided on implant placement in the posterior part of the maxilla in conjunction with maxillary sinus floor augmentation applying the lateral window technique, e.g. the optimal grating material and healing period, the necessity of a barrier membrane to cover the lateral bony window as well as patient-reported outcome measures.