Sövnrelaterede respirationsforstyrrelser. Diagnostik og behandling
Sammanfattning
The diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is based on full-night polysomnography. In cases of clinically suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a cardiorespiratory monitor (CRM) is usually sufficient. The combination of cessation of upper-airway airflow, abrupt snoring and decrease in oxygen saturation defines an episode of apnea. An apnea-hypopnea index (AIH; number of episodes per hour) between 5 and 15 signifies slight OSA, between 15 and 30 moderate OSA and above 30 severe OSA. Treatment consists of application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the majority of cases. Dental appliances, surgical reduction of stenosing tissue and changes in lifestyle are further treatment options. There is considerable underreporting associated with insufficient treatment of SDB, including OSAS. It is recommended that diagnosis and treatment be improved.