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BACKGROUND : Our goal is to give an epidemiological description of the HIV epidemic in Norway until 2006, with emphasis on the decade 1996 - 2005. METHODS : We analysed data from the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases. In this system, the year of infection has been estimated using results of previous tests and other information. We can thus measure an annual minimum incidence of HIV infection. RESULTS : Before 2006, HIV infection had been diagnosed in 3263 persons in Norway. Persons who had been heterosexually infected before arrival in Norway and homosexual men account for one third of the total each, while injecting drug users and persons who have been heterosexually infected while living in Norway comprise one sixth each. Each year for the last few years about 50 persons have been infected homosexually, 20 heterosexually and 10 by injecting drug use. In addition, every year at least 100 heterosexually infected immigrants have arrived in Norway. INTERPRETATION : The HIV epidemic is considerable in Norway, although far from the prospects one had 20 years ago. The prevention of HIV infection must continue. Presently, prevention among homosexual men should be prioritised. In addition, continued measures are needed among injecting drug users and men who engage with casual sex partners in countries with a high prevalence of HIV infection.

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