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Anthropological knowledge and an ethnographic-based interview have been included in DSM-5, an American psychiatric diagnosis manual built on criteriabased diagnostics. In this article I describe the content of DSM-5 pertaining to culture and psychiatric illness as well as the background of its inclusion. I discuss what DSM-5’s attention to cultural variation can mean for the development of more equality in psychiatric care for Sweden’s increasingly multicultural population. I especially emphasize the value of listening to patients’ narratives in order to understand their problems, situation and wishes. This is something that can be particularly important when encountering newly-arrived refugees and immigrants.

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