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Action research is a research approach that includes taking action, developing and integrating the knowledge or theory on which the actions are based. This article draws on methodological reflections and empirical experiences of doing research in mental health care settings by means of a collaborative approach to knowledge development. The aim of this article is to reflect upon what possibilities exist in local practices to create relevant, knowledge-for-use - which also have ‘transfer value’ into other settings. In order to answer this question the authors first comment on two central aspects of the relationship between local experience and central knowledge, namely relevance and evidence. Then the meaning of practice-oriented research is outlined, followed by describing the essentials of collaborative research with special attention given to co-operative inquiry. Finally, there is a reflection on which conditions that can promote or hinder a productive research process in practical settings.

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