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This issue has become topical given that Sweden currently is the EU country that receives the highest number of unaccompanied asylum seeker children per capita. It includes what we can learn from studies and reviews concerning risk- and protective factors for the development and health regarding unaccompanied children who fled war and violence and children who previously lived a street life because of poverty. They come without a guardian, but are a heterogeneous group. An ecological model provides a framework for how we can work preventively. This model emphasizes that children develop in a social environment in which family, community and society can contribute to a healthy development. Therefore, family reunification, to have access to the school and leisure activities are keys to children’s health. The article ends with the government’s proposed changes in asylum policies and the socialmedicine effects this will have.

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